College Athletes Should be paid Essay

Today, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities’ income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about; when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isn’t enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstar’s jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athlet es the pros isn’t guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure. The biggest controversy with all the revenue â€Å"The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players’ ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.†(Sonny) College Athletes Should Be Paid Today, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities’ income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about; when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isn’t enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstar’s jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isn’t guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure. The biggest controversy with all the revenue â€Å"The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players’ ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.†(Sonny) College Athletes Should Be Paid Today, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities’ income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about; when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isn’t enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstar’s jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athlet es the pros isn’t guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure. The biggest controversy with all the revenue â€Å"The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players’ ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.†(Sonny) College Athletes Should Be Paid Today, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities’ income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about; when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isn’t enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstar’s jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isn’t guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship c ould set some up for failure. The biggest controversy with all the revenue â€Å"The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players’ ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.†(Sonny) College Athletes Should Be Paid Today, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities’ income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about; when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isn’t enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstar’s jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athlet es the pros isn’t guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure. The biggest controversy with all the revenue â€Å"The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players’ ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.†(Sonny) College Athletes Should Be Paid Today, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities’ income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about; when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isn’t enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstar’s jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athlet es the pros isn’t guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure. The biggest controversy with all the revenue â€Å"The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players’ ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.†(Sonny)

Review of “Berger Queen” by Erin Sharp

In her essay, â€Å"Berger Queen†, freelance writer Erin Sharp expounds on her experience working at McDonald’s. Sometimes seen as a less than desirable occupation, Sharp defers and states that this has been the most enjoyable job that she’s had. She opens her essay this way, in paragraph one, in narrative fashion. The rest of the essay is narrative with use of illustration by examples. The paragraphs that show illustration are three, four, five, six, and seven (all of the body paragraphs).Paragraph three uses the example of children passing notes to McDonald’s employees to pass on to Ronald McDonald, proving her point that McDonald’s is a favorite spot for most children. Paragraph four and five support the point that most adults lack respect for McDonald’s employees, going so far as to try to get free food from them, arguing over ten cent increases, and just acting absolutely ridiculous by doing things such as complaining about cold food an hour after it was served and demanding that accommodations be made for an item that was not on the menu (ie†¦lunch item during breakfast).Paragraph six goes on to further explain how adults treat McDonald’s employees with such a lack of respect and just how foolish people can really by. Sharp recalls a woman sitting in the drive thru eating her pancakes and sausage at the drive thru window while several vehicles sat behind her honking during a 90 second or less guarantee day. The essay ends on a brighter note, with the reassurance that all of McDonald’s customers do not treat the employees with a lack of respect; there are groups who look forward to coming to McDonalds every day to have their coffee and social time.

Child Labor Paper Essay

Child labor reached new heights during the Industrial Revolution. Due to this, it lead to an increase in the â€Å"percentage of children ten to fifteen years of age who were gainfully employed. Although the official figure of 1.75 million significantly understates the true number, it indicates that at least 18 percent of these children were employed in 1900. In southern cotton mills, 25 percent of the employees were below the age of fifteen, with half of these children below age twelve† (History). Businesses forced children to work excessive hours in dangerous factory conditions with minimal payment. At an attempt to combat child labor a few steps were taken. The creation of new technologic machinery limited the need for children to fulfill tasks. In addition, businesses required higher levels of education in order to be even considered for the job. Congress created the child labor law in 1938 as another way to combat this issue. Although child labor has mostly been eliminate d it still poses a problem in other areas throughout the world, especially in developing countries. For example, in China children between the ages of 5 and 17 are being taken advantage of through what their government calls â€Å"Educational Labor.† This means that schools would have the ability to make their students grow and harvest crops, but instead most schools â€Å"abuse this law and they end up forcing the children to do a heavy amount of labor† (Sites). The ILO’s Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor recently submitted their estimates that 211 million children, or 18 % of children aged 5-14, are economically active worldwide. The two major components of this statistic is Asia, which consists of 60% those working children and Africa, which has 23% child labor. Non-governmental organization, commonly referred to as NGO’s, strongly disapprove of child labor and engage in strong efforts in order to give the children their freedom. They view it as a just act and most people would agree, but they do not think of the negative aspects that arise when the children are no longer employed. As a result, the children and family members go hungry, since they heavily rely on their employment to contribute to the family’s well-being. Additionally, once the NGO’s shut down the sweatshops there are no further actions taken afterwards. Meaning nothing is done in order to ensure the children are taken care of, go back to school, or financially compensated. They simply celebrate the factory closing as a victory and do not realize the big picture. history.com/topics/child-labor sites.google.com/a/tapa.tp.edu.tw/modern-day-slavery/child-labor/child-labor-in-china

Special-Needs Offender Programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Special-Needs Offender Programs - Research Paper Example According to estimates, mental illness affects 50 percent of the population in U.S. prisons (DeGroot, 2015). The high population leads to overcrowding in prison because of the high population. As a result, mentally ill inmates may be put under solitary confinement and may not receive adequate mental health medical attention. Mentally retarded offenders require treatment in facilities that can adequately address the issues affecting them. The treatment helps in their rehabilitation (Lamberti, Weisman, & Faden, 2014). Crime close relates to substance or drug abuse. Most offenders in prisons committed crimes while under the influence of intoxicants. Such offenders should be given specialized attention during their detention and incarceration. Formulation of rehabilitation is necessary to provide the necessary help to drug users (Atabay, 2009). The main challenge that substance abusers face is the fact that prisons in the U.S. serve many prisoners. The provision of services to many offenders makes it difficult to single out substance abusers in order to rehabilitate them. A sexual offence by definition is an unwanted sexual encounter between two or more adults or minors. The sexual offence may involve actual contact or no contact. Sexual offenders are individuals who engage in such activities. Unfortunately, sex-related crimes are quite common in the U.S (Sample & Kandleck, 2008).Estimates have it that one out of five girls faces sexual abuse before attaining adult age. In the case of boys, it is one out of seven (CSOM, 2015). Women offenders are also under the special-needs offender categories. The reason for this is the fact that women have psychiatric attributes that make them different from male offenders. For this reason, women detention is done in specific correctional institutions. As at 2010, there were 113,000 women facing incarceration in the correctional

Telework Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Telework - Term Paper Example From this paper, it is clear that employers of the companies may feel a split among their employees because there is a feeling of alienation among those, who are working at home and those, who are working in the office. A lack of visual control over teleworkers is one of the main preventive factors for employers in order to evaluate whether an employee spends his time effectively or not. The economies of the companies gain benefits from telework in case the level of â€Å"downtime† is decreased among teleworkers. In spite of the findings that environment gains benefits and there is a smaller number of cars and different means of transportation commuting, teleworkers have more free time and during this time they may travel or go by car wherever they want. There is also reduction of taxes paid by the companies in case they are free from the option of renting and that will take money from the national economy for sure.As far as we can see, there are more positive issues about tel ework than negative ones. Telework is a perfect option for the modern business world to satisfy the needs of employees, employers and the government. Balanced work relations among employers, employees and support groups lead to high levels of satisfaction from telework. The benefits of telecommuting outweigh the costs and we can talk about the increase of efficient work, growing levels of productivity and reductions in real estate costs, numerous environmental benefits, greater work flexibility and many others.... Moreover, it should be noted, that the option of telecommuting is relevant both to large and small firms and businesses. In accordance with the survey, conducted in 2009: â€Å"At companies with between 1,000 and 4,999 employees surveyed last year, an average of 16% of employees telecommute one or more days per week, compared with an average of 14% of employees at firms with between 5,000 and 19,999 employees, and an average of 18% of those working for organizations with 20,000 or more employees† (Brownlee 2009, p. 2). Moreover, there is a greater opportunity for employees, who often telecommute, to travel to different countries regularly. The highest percentage is found in the North America. Benefits for companies There are numerous advantages for the companies, which implement telecommuting. In spite of the fact that there are essential benefits, many businesses are afraid of cost of supporting telecommuting, which is too high. There is a need to hire IT specialists and crea te IT groups in order to support telework. More innovative and risk-taking businesses realize advantages of telework (Vega, 2003). They are able to send millions of dollar a year on real estate, because they provide their employees with an opportunity to work at home. Moreover, the levels of employee productivity are also essential. Managers underline that it is more convenient for them not to interrupt offline work and thus it is the right way to work delivery, especially in cases of urgency. First of all, there is a need for organizations to establish written telecommuting policy. It should be reviewed and corrected by IT specialists, financial department and human resource department. The majority of the companies and organizations correlate the

Lesson Planning with SIOP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lesson Planning with SIOP - Essay Example Although, A-Level English learners can use various language materials, cognitive mastering, communicative skills and effective strategies for learning and reading expository texts is incredibly significant for an inclusive understanding of the language. As a result of the ever increasing English language requirements, an A-Level English teacher ought to develop an effective plan for managing the complexity of English skills and content as well as ensuring accessibility of English learning instruction to A-Level English language learners. The essay intends to come up with a practical and instrumental plan for A-level English learners’ students. The essay will as well compare and contrasts two major language acquisition theories and explore the success of the identified lesson plan based on the identified theories. The way in which English learning institutions and states deal with issues of language diversity plays a significant role in the definition of the social status of population segments that use exceptional language in the society. Generally, language forms the central conduit for human communication. English language is used in different ways by different people to communicate personal needs, experiences, and expectations. Different A-Level English scholars have used diverse theories to understand the most helpful process of learning English language by A-Level English language learners in diverse geographical, social, and historical backgrounds. In the 1960s, Chomsky observed language development as genetically predetermined and innate phenomenon. According to this theory, human beings are always born with rational and physical abilities to learn and understand language. This instinctive ability makes human being develop the capability of understanding new sentences and wordings. Chomsky suggested that, people develop their language through Language Acquisition Device (LAD). The Language Acquisition Device is

Its our actions that show us who we really are J.K Rowling (critical Essay

Its our actions that show us who we really are J.K Rowling (critical lens) - Essay Example The play follows, in large part, the physical and psychological actions of Prince Hamlet as he feigns madness and deliberates killing the King and his step-father. Perhaps more than in any work of literature the notion of actions are implemented as a primary element of determining who the character really is. One of the major quotes of the play is made by Hamlet when he states, "The play's the thing/ Wherein I'll catch the conscience of the king" (Act 2, scene ii). Here Shakespeare is implementing foreshadowing to demonstrate the true nature of Hamlet’s character as hesitant and contemplative. Indeed, Hamlet’s action in not killing the King becomes a major theme throughout the play and demonstrates significant characterization. Throughout many instances and examples Shakespeare demonstrates that rather than being a decisive individual Hamlet is contemplative and existential. This contemplation is implemented in a number of monologues and soliloquys in explaining intimat e and detailed aspects of Hamlet’s character. Ultimately, through theme, characterization, and foreshadowing, Shakespeare demonstrates that Hamlet’s actions in refraining from killing the King reveal a significant amount about who he really is.

The Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale For Barack Obama Article

The Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale For Barack Obama - Article Example Therein lies the crux of Dimmesdale’s battle within his soul, but it is telling that he conducts his penance privately rather than having the strength of character to admit his failings. Despite the repeated flagellation and the carving of the A upon his own flesh, Dimmesdale remains not just a hypocrite, but unfulfilled. Who is better suited to recognize the hypocrisy of others than one who is himself a masterful hypocrite? Hawthorne writes that â€Å"More than once, Mr. Dimmesdale had gone to the pulpit, with a purpose never to come down its steps until he should have spoken† the truth before his parishioners (173). The key personality traits of Rev. Dimmesdale is his recognition of hypocrisy and his inability to confront it openly. It must be therefore be suggested that Rev. Dimmesdale would be quick to recognize the hypocrisy that was a hallmark of the McCain/Palin campaign. Of course, all politicians carry the taint of hypocrisy, but what leads to the idea that Dimmesdale would be more offended by the obvious hypocrisy of John McCain and Sarah Palin than by any hypocrisy on Barack Obama’s side. Rev. Dimmesdale is, after all, the man who questions â€Å"Why should a wretched man, guilty, we will say, of murder, prefer to keep the dead corpse buried in his own heart, rather than fling it forth at once, and let the universe take care of it?† (130.) It is surely no great leap to believe that Rev. Dimmesdale would ask why John McCain would boldly declare himself day after day a person renowned for reaching across the aisle and finding common ground while his running mate assailed Barack Obama for being friends with terrorists.

Trafficking Paper Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Trafficking Paper Final - Essay Example The issues of migration, consent, and working conditions of all trafficked persons are among the concerns pointed out by both sides of the debate. Interestingly, â€Å"while the understanding of trafficking and its definitions have expanded, discussions of trafficking are often still limited to its most salacious aspects, verging at times on voyeurism.† (Ditmore, 2005a) â€Å"Laws on prostitution vary significantly from one country to another but generally fall into 3 categories: prohibition, which makes all prostitution illegal; regulation, which legalizes and regulates prostitution; and abolition, which decriminalizes prostitution.† (Barry, 1995) Nevertheless, given all these policies and their good intentions, the human rights of the trafficked person are still ignored. As one author put it responsive action to the problem of human trafficking is still better than new laws, national or international. (Barry, 1995) In the 19th century, the military was often ineffective due to venereal disease. Not surprisingly, this was traced to their sexual activities with prostitutes. As a result, the immediate focus of the government was to prevent the contamination but without impinging on the soldiers’ sexual behaviors. A place was set up where public prostitutes were registered and required to have semi-weekly examinations. Trafficking, which was synonymous to prostitution that time, was to be regulated because it was a way of passing on the disease to the military personnel. However, the Act only applied to women. (Barry, 1995, p.93) â€Å"The Contagious Diseases Acts were designed to protect the health of the military men by subjecting any woman whom the special Morals Police identified as a prostitute to a â€Å"surgical examination,† which involved the use of crude instruments for special vaginal examinations by often cruel doctors.† The

Legal Language-Research Essay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Legal Language- Essay - Research Paper Example This assignment will look at the impact of new media on the conduct of judges and juries in relation to a public lecture by the Chief justice of the Victorian Supreme Court, Marilyn Warren, on Open justice in the technological age (Warren, 2013). Juries play a fundamental role in allowing for a participation in the criminal justice process that is all inclusive and reflective of the values found I the community (Robbers, 2008). As such, juries are made up of people gotten from the community and who determine the outcome of a trial. They are to reach decisions basing on the information obtained from court proceedings. This is done with full respect of the law and also in accordance to instructions given to them by the judges overseeing the trials. Information they obtain during court proceedings which in law sums up as evidence is not supposed to be communicated to members outside the jury (Harlow, 2012). They are required to make their deliberations among themselves and not include members of the public including friends and relatives as doing so would compromise on their impartiality if not objectivity. In addition, they are not supposed to have preconceived opinions pertaining to the defendant such as whether he is guilty or not and only use the rule of law to arrive at their decisions. The introduction of new media especially one that is associated with internet is threatening to undermine the workings of juries (Surette, 2014). This is because it posses the challenge on need to observe the right of the public to be given information pertain to their justice system and that of the accused to be subjected to a trial perceived to be fair by all standards. This challenge has caused some juries to be in new headlines for all the wrong reasons. Jurors are now getting used to accessing information that is fast passed as they constantly receive emails, Facebook and twitter posts that influences their

Should the U.S. Government Levy Additional Fines or Taxes on Companies Essay

Should the U.S. Government Levy Additional Fines or Taxes on Companies That Ship Jobs Overseas - Essay Example The paper tells that according to the McKinsey Global Institute the threat posed by shipping jobs abroad has been grossly exaggerated. To start with, they argue that the number of jobs lost per year to offshoring is far fewer than the normal rate of job turnover in the economy. Secondly, savings from offshoring enables companies to invest in future technologies that create more jobs at home and abroad. Thirdly, global competition improves the skills of American companies making them more competitive. Companies that offshore have the opportunity to take advantage of distinctive skills that are available overseas. Fourthly, the U.S. runs a trade surplus in services. This means that America needs other countries to buy its surplus services. If America refuses to similarly offer overseas countries a platform for trade – by refusing to procure their services – these countries may opt to retaliate and thus leave the U.S. with no one to trade in its excess capacity. On the con trary, in â€Å"It's a Flat World After All† argues that the convergence of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have leveled the playing field and if not addressed as a critical issue by the U.S. policies, it could signal the end of American wealth and global dominance. He further argues that whereas in the past American companies offshored primarily to minimize production costs, nowadays they do so because they are unable to find the talent they need locally. Nobel Laureate Paul Samuelson agrees with Friedman when he states that free trade could leave rich countries worse off by eroding them off their comparative advantages. Moreover, who says that China, India, Russia and the other emerging economies are content with providing low-end, low-wage jobs for eternity.

Contribution of Bette Davis as an Actor and Her Role as a Female in her Time Period Essay Example for Free

Contribution of Bette Davis as an Actor and Her Role as a Female in her Time Period Essay Larger than life she was – with a career spanning six decades, including Broadway, film and the small screen; having made more than a hundred films and receiving ten Best Actress nominations and being the first woman to be honored with the American Film Institute’s Lifetime Achievement Award– and equally larger in death, was Bette Davis. Fearless, ambitious and daring, her strong-mindedness won her a few friends and many enemies in her lifetime, but continues to draw audiences to her appeal and aspiring actresses everywhere look up to her as a role-model. In this report, I will focus on Bette Davis’s contribution as an actor and her role as a female icon of her time. Contribution of Bette Davis as an Actor and Her Role as a Female in her Time Period One of the most talented and the biggest stars of the thirties was Bette Davis. Her strong personality off-screen often found its way into the characters she played. She made her wide range of roles realistic, from a sixty-year old queen in The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex to a young beauty in Jezebal. Olivia de Havilland called Bette Davis â€Å"a basically benevolent volcano. † Jack Warner described her as â€Å"an explosive little girl with a sharp left. † Bette ruffled a few feathers in her career, but looking back, any trouble she caused was usually for the betterment of her films rather than from her merely playing the prima donna. Off-screen, her life was filled with as much drama as any role she played, having weathered a broken home, four failed marriages, literary revenge brought forth by her daughter and frail health in her later years (Bubbeo, 2001, p. 43 – 51). In this report, I will highlight the important contributions as well as this screen diva’s achievements in a male-dominated industry, and how her success paved the way for many other women, who emulated her example to carve a niche for themselves in the traditionally male-dominant world. Bette Davis once joked that her epitaph should read, â€Å"Here lies Ruth Elizabeth Davis – She did it the hard way† (Ware, 1993, p. 180). An actress first and a star second – and in no way a conventional beauty- she invented a jagged, sincere, many-sided style of film acting that continues to reverberate through the generations. At her best, Bette Davis put complicated, conflicted women on the screen at a time when most screen characters were still melodramatic simplifications. A small (five foot three) blue-eyed blonde, she was unfazed by the cant of her era that considered screen acting inferior to acting on the stage. An actress first and a star second – and in no way a conventional beauty- she invented a jagged, sincere, many-sided style of film acting that continues to reverberate through the generations. Born Ruth Elizabeth Davis in Lowell, Massachusetts, she was the elder of two daughters of Harlow Morrell Davis, a patent lawyer from a Yankee family of long standing, and Ruth Favor, a homemaker of French Huguenot descent. The couple, incompatible almost from the start, divorced when Bette was ten. As a result, she and her younger sister, Barbara, were educated in a patchwork of public and private schools in New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts- wherever Ruth Davis could find work as a professional photographer. Popular and active as child, Betty changed the spelling of her name in imitation of Balzac’s La Cousine Bette and finally graduated from Cushing Academy, a boarding school in Ashburnham, Massachusetts, in 1926. Broadway By 1927, a nineteen-year-old Bette Davis was attending the John Murray Anderson-Robert Milton School of Theatre and Dance in New York. Bette was temperamentally restless and eager to earn a living. She left school before her first year was over, rushing headlong into professional engagements on and off Broadway on tour, and with numerous stock companies, among them George Cukor’s repertory theatre in Rochester, New York. Bette Davis in Hollywood After opening on Broadway in Solid South (1930), she received her first offer from a Hollywood film studio. With a few exceptions – most notably Cabin in the Cotton (1932) – Davis’s first years in Hollywood produced nothing extraordinary. Then, in 1934, after a long campaign, she convinced Warners to loan her to RKO, an American film production and distribution company, to play the sociopathic cockney Mildred Rogers in their adaption of Of Human Bondage, and got her first star-making notices. The next year she won an Oscar for Best Actress for Dangerous (1935), in which she played an alcoholic actress patterned on the Broadway legend Jeanne Eagels. Contribution to the Media Industry In 1936, Warners had to sue to prevent her from violating her contract and making a film in England for the Italian producer Ludovico Toeplitz. When she returned to Warners, however, she was treated generously, starring next in Jezebel (1938), a finely wrought study of the anger and ambivalence of a southern belle. The performance brought her a second Oscar, as best actress of 1938. The next year she played the role that she sometimes referred to as her favorite, Judith Traherne, the mortally ill heroine of Dark Victory (1939). After Dark Victory, Bette Davis starred in an unbroken string of sixteen box-office successes, playing everything from genteel novelists to murderous housewives to self-hateful spinsters to a sexagenarian Queen Elizabeth I. her most memorable films from this remarkably productive period included The Old Maid (1939), The Little Foxes (1941), Now, Voyager (1942), Watch on the Rhine (1943), and The Corn is Green (1945). In 1932, she married her high school sweetheart, Harmon Nelson, a freelance musician. But the marriage was as rocky as her parent’s and in 1938 ended in a divorce. She married again in 1940, to New England hotelier Arthur Farnsworth; he died in 1943 from a skull fracture. The war years were Bette Davis’s prime, and not only on screen. In 1941 she became the first woman president of the Academy of Motion picture of Arts and Sciences, quitting when she realized she was little more than a figurehead. In 1942, with John Garfield, she co-founded the Hollywood Canteen. Totally committed to her role as the organizations president, she danced, ate, and clowned almost nightly with the servicemen passing through Los Angeles. After the war, her career began to sink, with terrible films such as Beyond the Forest (1949). Released from her Warners contract, she freelanced. At 42, she believed her career was over, until her performance in All about Eve (1950), where she played an explosive theatrical prima donna who was terrified of aging. For her performance as Margo Channing, New York Film Critics named her the year’s best actress. In 1962, no longer a box-office name, she took a role in an offbeat, low-budget psychological thriller, What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? , poignantly playing a homicidally demented middle aged former child star. The film was a megahit, brining Davis her tenth, and, final, Oscar nomination. In the new era of made for TV films and miniseries, worthwhile roles came to her, including a part as a pathetic recluse in Strangers (1979), which won her a best actress Emmy. In 1977, the American Film Institute bestowed on her its Life Achievement Award; she was the first woman to receive it. Almost more prominent than she had been in her zenith, she now found herself hailed by a new generation of film critics who were seeing her classic films for the first time, and new stars praised her warmly as an influence and a role model. In 1983, she suffered breast cancer and a stroke. Despite permanent damage to her speech and gait, she continued making films. In 1985, Davis was shattered when her daughter B. D. Hyman, published a contemptuous family memoir, My Mother’s Keeper. She feebly tried to respond in her own book, This ‘n That (1987). Then looking dismayingly frail, she played a scrappy octogenarian in The Whales of August (1987), a sensitive study of old age. She died of cancer in Paris in 1989, having gone to Europe to accept an award at a Spanish film festival. Eighty-one at the time of her death, she left behind on film a brilliant constellation of contrasting and vibrant figures, the legacy of sixty years of hard work and dedication to what she liked to call total realism on the screen. Bette Davis- the Independent Female Bette Davis, outspoken, direct, and totally concentrated on her career, was a shrewd businessperson who expected good scripts and demanded the best in production support and working conditions. She was one of the few actresses able to take on unsympathetic roles, such as Mildred in Of Human Bondage (1934) and Julie Marsden in Jezebel (1938) (Ware, 1993, p. 180). Being a fighter, Bette was no stranger to bad times, and she knew how to keep going even when everything seemed to be against her. In 1962, when work became scarce, Bette took out an advertisement in Variety and other trade papers: MOTHER OF THREE – 10, 11 15 – DIVORCEE. AMERICAN. THIRTY YEARS EXPERIENCE AS AN ACTRESS IN MOTION PICTURES. MOBILE STILL AND MORE AFFABLE THAN RUMOR WOULD HAVE IT. WANTS STEADY EMPLOYMENT IN HOLLYWOOD (HAS HAD BROADWAY. ) Bette Davis, c/o Martin Baum, G. A. C. REFERENCES UPON REQUEST This was Davis at her best, and demonstrated her no-nonsense approach to her career and life in general. She knew that only she could improve her situation; no one else would do it for her (Moseley, 1989, p. 148). She was an over-achiever and the advertisement is who she was : bold, fearless and focused – some would say obsessed about her career. She wouldn’t take no for an answer and got her way more often than not in the ruthless world of Hollywood politics. She was a success story, due to her single-minded purpose of succeeding. The highly competitive Davis explained, â€Å"I always had the will to win. I felt it baking cookies. They had to be the best cookies anyone baked. † She was demanding, temperamental, and self-indulgent. By the early 1940s, she had become the First Land of the Screen (Parish, 2007, p. 49). Bette Davis married four times, but claimed her matrimonial choices had been ill-considered because her mates were unable to stand up to her or, as an alternative, congenially sank into the background as Mr. Davis. Ironically, while she failed on the matrimonial front, she found great success as a woman in a man’s world. She is thought to be the first- and finest- presentation of an independent woman on celluloid (Brabazon, 2002, p. 85). ? Conclusion Contemporary feminism needs a Bette Davis, a firebrand woman who is tough, resolute, and passionate. She worked hard, thought deeply and spoke out while post-war masculinity congealed around her (Brabazon, 2002, p. 85). Almost to the day she died, Bette never stopped working. Work was her life and her passion and she embraced it like no other actress before or since. In 1972 Bette said, â€Å"I’ll never make the mistake of saying I’m retired. You do that and you’re finished. You just have to make sure you play older and older parts. Hell, I could do a million of those character roles. But I’m stubborn about playing the lead. I’d like to go out with my name above the title. † She kept her word. Works Cited Brabazon, T. (2002). Ladies who Lunge: Celebrating Difficult Women. Sydney: UNSW Press. Bubbeo, D. (2001). The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies : with Filmographies for each. Jefferson, N. C. : McFarland. Moseley, R. (1989). Bette Davis: An Intimate Memoir. New York: D. I. Fine. Parish, J. R. (2007). The Hollywood Book of Extravagance: The Totally Infamous, Mostly Disastrous, and Always Compelling Excesses of Americas Film and TV idols. Hoboken, N. J. : John Wiley. Ware, S. , Braukman, S. L. (2004). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press. Ware, S. (1993). Still Missing: Amelia Earhart and the Search for Modern Feminism. New York: W. W. Norton.

Water Properties: Polarity

Water Properties: Polarity CHRISTABEL SAMPA Discuss the assertion that water has several unique properties that make it vital not only for human beings, but for all living organisms to survive. Introduction Water is a normal oxide made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It has a chemical formula of H20 where the ratio of the two different atoms it is made up of two to one ie two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen covalently bonded to each other. Water is one of the most abundant of the smaller molecules and makes up to 60-90% of the fresh mass of an organism. Survival of all living organisms on earth hence is dependant on water. Therefore it is quite vital to understand the properties of water that makes it important to all living organisms. Polarity Of all the properties of water, polarity can be considered very important as it somehow contributes to almost all the other properties in one way or the other. Water is polar substance because it shows uneven change distribution within its molecule. One part of the water molecule is partially positive and the other is partially negative and this is known as a dipole. The polarity of water occurs because the oxygen atom in the molecule has greater electron attracting power than hydrogen atoms. Hence, oxygen has a slightly negative charge as compared to the hydrogen atom. The polarity makes water molecules to have weak force of attraction for each other, the opposite charges come together making the molecules behave as though they were sticky like magnets. The above property enables water posses several unique properties such as:- High Surface Tension Surface tension comes about due to forces of attraction between molecules of a liquid at its open boundary surface. In a water molecule however the high surface tension is due to unequal distribution of hydrogen bond at the surface of water. Hydrogen bonds exist between each water molecule of water, but molecules at the surface of liquid water have fewer neighbors and as a result, have greater attraction to the few water molecules that are nearby. The surface tension makes the surface of water slightly difficult to break through thou the interior. This is very important to living organism such as plants. As the water required for health plants is obtained from the soil which is down the plant, the high surface tension of water enables water to be pulled up a narrow tube by gravity without breaking its surface. â€Å"Cohesion of water molecule gives water a high tensile strength which enables water column in xylem elements of stem to be pulled upon to the top of tall trees without breaking.† Jain V.K, 2011:24. Surface tension is also responsible for the survival of small organisms that are dependent on the water surface as a mode of transport and living. The Basilisk lizards for instance, makes use of the high surface tension of water to accomplish the incredible feat of walking on waters surface. Some insects also are capable of moving on top of water without its surface breaking. Humans are also capable of skipping rocks on water. Low viscosity However, despite water having a high surface tension, water has a low viscosity. It is capable of sliding over each other easily. This property enables blood to move through thing capillaries and cytoplasm inside cellular boundaries. in animals, the capillaries are the smallest blood vessels found within the tissues of the body and are the ones that transport blood to larger vessels, for instance during gaseous exchange oxygen from the lungs is delivered to the capillaries around the air sacs to reach the blood inside it which latter is transported to the heart inorder to be pumped to all other blood’s mayor components is water this function of the capillaries is well carried out and animals such as human beings, survive. Therefore the low viscosity of water is important to human survival. not only what has been mentioned above, but also when molecules of others substances dissolve in mater, they low the surface tension of water and they tend to collect at the interface between the liquid phase and other phases. vermar and ararwal, 1974. this fact make water important in the development of a plasma membrane and aids the movement of molecules between it. Water is a universal solvent Water is referred to as a universal solvent as it is able to dissolve a wide range of substances dues to its polarity nature. Water dissolves substances by surrounding charged particles and pulling them into solution. It decreases the electro static interactions between charged substances and increasing yheir solubility. This property is very important to both plants and animal. According to verma and Agrival 1974:75. â€Å"The sol-valency is of great biological importance because all the chemical reactions that take place in the cells, do so in acqueous solution.† these solutions have the solvent water. This simply means that without water, biochemical reactions can not take place. All water alet acts as a transport medium, it is responsible for the transportation of all dissolved materials in blood such as food substances, gases excretory products and many other essential; and wastes products. in plants, it transports mineral salts and other nutrients to where they are needed. Water is a solvent for polar substances meaning that it does not dissolve non polar substances. This is of great importance in the formation of membranes and helps to determine the three dimensional properties of molecules of proteins, nucleic acids and their cel structure. Taylaor et al 1997. High capillarity The tendency of water to move up a narrow tube against the force of gravity is referred to as capillary action water has a high capillarity action water has s high capillarity. The high capillarity of water is due to its adhesives and cohesive forces. Cohesion is the mutual attraction between like molecules, water has cohesive properties as the molecules of water attract other water molecules. This is important in the transportation of water through a plant. Mader S. 2010:29 states â€Å"because water molecules are cohesive, a tension created that pulls the water column up from the roots.† the roots are anchored in the soil where the plant obtains water from. as the plant continuously transpierce through leaves which are up the plant, the water evaporating is immediately replaced with water molecules from the transport vessels from the roots to leaves. Adhesion, however, is the attraction between the water molecules and the container in which it is. Adhesion can also be described as the ability of one thing to stick firmly to another. Water is therefore attracted to substances such as cells walls, or glass surface. This is also important to living organisms. In the transport of water to the wall of the vessels also help in preventing the column of water from breaking apart. In general, adhesive and cohesive properties of water work hand in hand in the movement of water from the roots up to the leaves. Specific heat capacity Water has a high heat capacity, specific heat capacity is the amount of energy that must added to a unit mass to raise the temperature by one degree, and â€Å"the high specific heat capacity of water is due to the hydrogen bonds between the molecules. Water absorbd a lot of heat before it begins to get hot. The above property is important to organism that line in water such as fish. water organisms do not die due to excess heat and coldness as it take time for water to gain and lose heat, hence the temperature is well maintained for water life. According to Mader 2010:29, â€Å"because the temperature of water rises and falls slowly, organisms are better able to maintain their normal internal temperatures and are protected from srapid temperature changes.† most of the chemical reactions in cells take place within a small range of temperature. Transparency Water is idourless, hence transparent. This property is also very important as it enables tight to penetrate through it and reach photosynthetic organalles, the chloroplast inside cells which require sunlight to manufacture food.. Having discussed the above property of water, and this importance to all living organisms, it can be concluded that without water, life on earth is practically impossible as all living organisms depend on water. BIBLIOGRAPHY Jain V.K. (1974); Fundamentals of plant Physiology, S. Chand and Company Ltd. New Delhi. Kormondy E.J (1996); Concepts of Ecology, Fourth Edition. Pearson Education New Jersey. Mader S.S (2010); Biology, tenth Edition. McGraw – Hill Education. Singapore. Taylor D.J et al (1997); Biological Science 1 and 2 third edition. Camridge University Press. New York. Verma P.S and Agarwal V.K. (1974); Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology, Multicolour edition. Rejendra Ravindra Printer New Delhi. An Avocado Is A Fruit: Analysis An Avocado Is A Fruit: Analysis An avocado is a fruit and not a vegetable that grows on a tree and can be technically classified as a berry. The avocado is from evergreen tree which is native to Mesoamerica. Its natural range covers diverse environmental conditions from the central highlands of Mexico where frosts occur to the rain forests of northwest Columbia. They have a taste that ranges from rich, creamy and buttery to light and fruity, depending on the variety. There are many varieties of avocados, several of which are grown commercially. The Hass variety is the most popular commercially grown variety and has a deep, rich flavor. Avocados are ready to eat when they are slightly soft and yield to gentle pressure. The skin is peeled away and the flesh of the fruit is eaten. Avocados can be eaten by themselves or used for guacamole, sandwiches, salads, omelets, desserts and much more. (Smith et al. 1992,) History In 1519, Spanish soldier of fortune Hernando Cortez (1485-1547) set foot in Mexico City, the first white man to do so. Cortez found that the avocado. The avocado is native to the area stretching from the eastern and central highlands of Mexico through Guatemala to the Pacific coast of Central America. There is evidence that avocados have been utilized in Mexico for 10,000 years. The Spanish Conquistadors were the first Europeans to discover the fruit, native to the Americas, which the indigenous people of Mexico, Central America and South America had been using for thousands of years. Avocado its name comes from Latin America Nahunta word, meaning testicular fruit shape obvious reference. It is found in Mexico about 291 BC avocado easier to significant name because Sir Henrys Sloan, who created it in 1669. Naturalist Sir Hans Sloan was the first to use the name avocado, in a catalogue of Jamaican plants he published in 1696. During the 1700s, European sailors used the avocado as a spread for biscuits, which led to the name midshipmans butter. Avocado trees were introduced to California by 1856, when tree brought from Nicaragua was noticed growing near San Gabriel. In 1911, Carl Schmidt, a plant explorer, collected bud wood of a seedling that eventually became the Fuertes. This variety was the basis of the California avocado industry for many years. Avocados were introduced in Florida by 1850, and, in the 1930s, autumn and winter varieties were adapted. While commercial varieties of avocados arrived in Chile from California in 1928, avocados have been growing in that country since colonial times. The avocado arrived in Indonesia in 1750, Brazil in 1809, Israel in 1908, and South Africa and Australia in the late 19th century. In the late 1920s, Mr. Rudolph Hass discovered what would become the Hass variety. It is currently the most widely grown commercial and popular avocado variety. Early Spanish explorers found Aztecs enjoy avocado, but it has long been considered a tasteless food. The Aztecs also used avocados as a sexual stimulant. This is Spanish explorers brought avocado English. The first Florida crop included to the gardener Henry Ryan plantation in 1833. However, avocado and did not become a commercial crops, until the 20th century. Except in California, Florida, Hawaii, they generally planting, most consumer exit from the fruit. Finally, in the 1950 s, avocado to become popular for salad project and consumption become more common. In 1995, 40.9% of American families consumed of avocado. (Peggy, 2012) Geography map.png Mexico is the world leader for avocado growing, accounting for almost 35% of global production. Other important avocado producers include the USA and Indonesia (each with 7% of the world total), Colombia (6%), Brazil (5%) and Peru (4%). Land Aspects- Frost free, is the ideal avocado north, there is a warm climate. The site should be flat, or of a very slight slope, to allow easy mechanical access. Climate- Growth and fruit appropriate temperature is the most important requirement, the successful development of avocado. Suitable for planting avocado microclimate temperature must meet the following requirements: Occasional winter frosts warmer than -4 °C Day temperatures above 19 °C during flowering (September to November) Night temperatures above 10 °C during flowering No frosts during flowering Soil- Soil The avocado tree has shallow feeding roots that need a good permeability and well drained soils. Ideal soil should have the following features: A depth of more than 1.5m Be uniform and free draining Not be compacted or have impervious layers Have moderate fertility Have a high organic matter component Wet poorly drained soils will lead to major problems with root rot Types of avocado Hass Avocados Hass avocados are commonly seen year-round in the United States and some other areas. Generally easy to peel and usually weigh between 5 and 12 oz. Bacon Avocados Bacon avocados are common in the mid-winter months when other varieties are less prevalent. Bacon avocados have a fairly thin green skin that only gets slightly darker when they reach full maturity. Bacon avocados are usually about 6 to 12 oz. Fuerte Avocados The fuerte avocado is harvested from late autumn to early spring. The fuerte variety was the most common in the western part of the United States, which is oval shaped, the fuerte has a pear shape. Reed Avocados Reed avocados are large, round avocados that usually weigh between 8 and 18 oz. and are widely available in the summer months. Pinkerton Avocados Pinkerton avocados grow in the winter and yield more fruit than most avocados because of their small seeds. Approximately 8 to 18 oz. (Peggy, 2012) Propagation, Planting, Harvesting Propagation Seeds: Rapidly lose their viability: ~28 days. Fresh seeds germinate in 4-6 weeks. Seeds germinate well if placed in warm, moist compost and are only partially buried. You can remove the brown seed coat and cut a thin slice off the apex and base of the seed to aid germination. When roots and leaves are well formed, carefully plant seedlings in deep pots to establish before planting out. Avoid repotting to avoid root damage. Progeny from seedlings are variable. Cuttings: Generally difficult. Layering: Air-layering is successful with some cultivars, with Mexican-types rooting well. This is best done in spring and early summer. Grafting: Grafted or budded trees are more predictable in quality. Grafting is mainly done by whip, side- or cleft- grafting. Mexican- type rootstocks make the strongest growth, are hardier and are often used. Trees are sometimes top- worked. Planting Space plants at least 6-7 m apart; branches can die back if they touch those of their neighbor. Trees benefit from organic mulch, and from staking until established. Best site in a protected, warm area. Harvesting Avocados are harvested with hand-held poles and baskets. In flat areas in California, man-positioning machines are used to lift the pickers. Fruits are picked when mature but still hard. Determining when to harvest avocados can be difficult and may require experience. A slight change in skin color, loss of glossiness, or a brown seed coat is a sign of maturity. Pruning shears or special clippers should be used to harvest avocados. The pedicel should also remain attached to the fruit. (Chia, C. L. et. al. and Yokoyama, K. M., et. Al, 2009) Culture European sailors used the avocado as a spread for biscuits, which led to the name midshipmans butter. In Japan sushi avocado dishes are well-liked in international cuisine. Early Spanish explorers found Aztecs enjoy avocado, but it has long been considered a tasteless food. The Aztecs also used avocados as a sexual stimulant. Culinary (Unknown, 2004) Slices of avocado are widely served in sandwiches and on toasted bread as a snack. Even avocado puree has varied uses such as it can be spread in hotdog and hamburgers and also used as a thickener in various liqueurs. Sushi avocado dishes are well-liked in international cuisine. Being a fruit, avocado is used for various culinary purposes but it is popularly eaten raw or added to various fruit salads in raw form. The subtle-flavor and creamy texture of the fruit makes it a very popular ingredient of avocado recipes such as avocado juice, avocado salad and avocado dip. All these avocado dishes are well-liked in almost all households. Various seasonings and spices can be mixed in the avocado dips to provide flavor to the dish. In the list of sweet dishes, avocado recipes are quite popular. It is often included in several ice creams and milkshakes and other desserts. Salads and juices are some other additions to the list of avocado dishes. In savory dishes also avocado is a well-liked ingredient. Medical/Non- Culinary (Ruby S, 2009-2012) From the ancient times avocado is used as an excellent beauty aid. They truly offer wealth of health and significant beauty benefits. You can easily use Avocado in your daily beauty routine and save some money too. Here are the various beauty uses of Avocado. Take one avocado, half teaspoon of olive oil and one egg yolk. Mash it thoroughly in a bowl. Apply this mix to wet or damp hair. Leave it on for 20 to 30 minutes. Massage it in your scalp properly. Rinse with warm water and shampoo your hair as usual. So can Amazing soft, silky and shiny hair. It is also believed to be an effective sexual stimulant and is used to make ointments aimed at delaying old age. Change Agents Hernando Cortez- In 1519, Spanish soldier of fortune Hernando Cortez (1485-1547) set foot in Mexico City, the first white man to do so. Cortez found that the avocado was a staple in the native diet European sailors- In 1700s, European sailors in the 1700s called it midshipmans butter because they liked to spread it on hard tack biscuits Manashita Ichiro- Avocado in sushi was the idea of a Japanese chef Manashita Ichiro in Los Angeles about 40 years ago who used it as a replacement for Toro because it offered a similarmalty mouth feel ¼Ã…’It was subsequently used in California rolls. Its a Japanese invention. Innovation (April, 2011) Avocado oil- Avocado oil may have anti-ageing properties like those attributed to olive oil. Avocado oil is very rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and extremely low in saturated fat. It also contains no cholesterol. Avocado Face Mask- Gives deep cleansing which helps in getting rid of the dirt and grime accumulated on the face, it opens up the tiny ducts for cleansing and clearing the dead skin cells and thereby prevents acne breakouts. Avocado Sushi- Avocado in sushi was the idea of a Japanese chef in Los Angeles about 40 years ago who used it as a replacement for Toro because it offered a similarmalty mouth feel ¼Ã…’It was subsequently used in California rolls. Avocado Butter- Our Avocado Butter s produced by hydrogenating cold pressed Avocado Oil with other vegetable oils. The light hydrogenation process creates butter with good oxidative stability and a smooth, silky feel. Nutrition Per 230g avocado including Calories 384 KJ, Fat 55%, cholesterol 0%, Sodium 1%, Carbohydrate 7%, Protein 5g, Vitamin A 7%, Vitamin C 34%, Calcium 3%, Iron 8%. (Unknown, 2010-2012) Resources (Unknown, 2012) Human Resources- Natural Resources- Avocado growing need air, sunlight, water, soil, especially free frosts and warm climate. Wet poorly drained soils will lead to major problems with root rot. Mechanical Resources- Workers can use man-positioning machines to lift them to pick mature fruit. Future Trends Contemporary uses Current applications (Unknown, 2004) In bakery to avocado flavor cakes, biscuits and bread. In Japan, sushi avocado dishes are well-liked in international cuisine. Being a fruit, avocado is used for various culinary purposes but it is popularly eaten raw or added to various fruit salads in raw form. In restaurant, various seasonings and spices can be mixed in the avocado dips to provide flavor to the dish. It is often included in several ice creams and milkshakes and other desserts. Salads and juices are some other additions to the list of avocado dishes. In savory dishes also avocado is a well-liked ingredient.

Citizens National Bank Searches For System Solution

Citizens National Bank Searches For System Solution In the information system world, before a problem can be solved, it first must be properly defined. Members of the organization must agree that a problem actually exists and that it is serious. The problem must be investigated so that it can be better understood. Next comes a period of devising alternative solutions, then one of evaluating each alternative and selecting the best solution. The final stage is one of implementing the solution, in which a detailed design for the solution is specified, translated into a physical system, tested, introduced to the organization, and further refined as it is used over time. Unfortunately, the same mistakes happen again and again when organizations decide to embrace a new information system either as a solution to a problem or set of problems the organization perceives it is facing, or a management realization that the organization should take advantage of new opportunities to perform more effectively. These mistakes occur repeatedly due to the lack of a thorough system analysis which includes a feasibility study to determine whether each proposed solution is feasible, or achievable, from a financial, technical, and organizational standpoint. The importance of system analysis, information requirements, and feasibility study come of their advantages in determining whether each alternative solution is a good investment, whether the technology needed for the system is available and can be handled by the firms information systems staff, and whether the organization is capable of accommodating the changes introduced by the system. Customer relationship management systems are very popular information systems nowadays and have been hailed as a way for companies to find, influence, and retain customers, even though industry experts cite failure rates for CRM rollouts of up to 70 percent. Thats a disastrously high figure for initiatives that typically cost hundreds of thousandsor even millionsof dollars. Most often the complexity of CRM systems can turn deployments into expensive, time-consuming mistakes when companies embrace a complete CRM package from well known vendors like SAP, or Seibel while they need only low-cost, easy-to-implement CRM software with some common CRM features like lead generation and management, deal tracking, and customer support management. Citizens National Bank searches for a system solution will be my main discussion in this case study which I think depicts a simple example of organizations that underestimate the importance of a thorough assessment to business processes and a deep analysis to the projected information system to define the requirements of the new system, available alternatives, and comparing multiple selection criteria in order to choose the best available solution which capable of performing the required tasks, satisfy users needs, and compatible with the organizations legacy systems. Singleton Needs a CRM Package The initial problem that Mark Singleton was trying to resolve is the implementation of a CRM system to increase sales by raising the number of contacts relationship bankers were making and improving the tracking of these activities so that the bank could learn more from them. Also Singleton wanted a CRM system that places a great value on the person-to-person interactions between his relationship bankers and their customers and doesnt interfere with those interactions and diminishes the relationship bankers rapport with customers. (Lauden, 2010) In the problem-solving process which is especially valuable when we need to build new systems as a solution to a problem or set of problems the organization perceives it is facing. The problem in this case came from the management realization that the organization should take advantage of new opportunities to perform more effectively, but they didnt apply the four steps of problem solving. In the problem-solving process to system building, we would need to take the following four steps: (Lauden, 2010) (1) Define and understand the problem. (2) Develop alternative solutions. (3) Choose the best solution. (4) Implement the solution. Citizens National Bank CEO Mark Singleton achieved the first step with an outstanding performance in defining and understanding the problem for which they need to build a new system but he failed dramatically in applying the rest of the steps required by the problem-solving process to build a new system. Mr. Singleton did not devise, develop or try several alternative solutions before opting for a new CRM system to solve the problem of paper and manual work and replace it with a new information system to automate some of the bankers tasks. Because he did not develop alternative solutions, he couldnt choose the best solution which led to a failed implementation at the first time. Figure : Problem Solving Process Source: Lauden, Management Information Systems New System Implementation! Its Tangible and Intangible Benefits Organizationally, Citizens National Bank of Texas is a private, full-service bank with headquarters in Waxahachie, Texas, and 200 employees that has operated independently since 1868. Citizens National Bank relies on personal, retail, and commercial customers and serves businesses and consumers in Ellis County and other nearby counties, primarily in communities with populations of 25,000 or less. (Lauden, 2010) Citizen National bank operates heavily manual and count on paper system in which sometimes a salesperson that left Citizens National could take records of customer interaction with him or her, leaving the bank with no information to maintain the relationship. The paper system also created too much information for Singleton and his branch managers to process effectively. So that the old paper system cannot support the large number of new customers and the annual grow at a rate of 12 percent. (Lauden, 2010) A major part of Citizen Nationals strategy for continuing growth was to implement customer relationship management (CRM) software. The CRM strategy targeted the banks two main contact points with customers: the banks call center and its sales force. The objectives of a solution for Citizens National Bank would be to reduce the amount of time, effort, and errors in the tracking of activities made by relationship bankers and to increase sales by raising the number of contacts relationship bankers were making and improving the tracking of these activities so that the bank could learn more from them. (Lauden, 2010) Tangible Benefits Increased productivity: Using a CRM system will enable relationship bankers to improve their tracking activities with customers, which in turn increase their productivity and give them ability to serve more customers. Lower operational costs: using electronic records will substantially reduce papers used and results in cost saving. Reduced workforce: this is will be the result of increasing bankers productivity to serve more customers, which in turn will considerably reduce the workforce required to handle the projected increase in sales. Reduced rate of growth in expenses Reduced facility costs: due to paper reduction, and workforce reduction. Intangible Benefits Improved organizational planning and flexibility: because the paper system created too much information for Singleton and his branch managers to process effectively. The CRM system will give them efficient information to make effective decisions. Improved decision making: having accurate information under executives and managers control will dramatically enhance the decision making. Improved operations: The CRM system will enable the bank to approve credit and loan applications more quickly. Improved asset utilization and improved resource control. More information available in a timely manner. Enhanced employee goodwill: because under the old paper system, a salesperson that left Citizens National could take records of customer interaction with him or her, leaving the bank with no information to maintain the relationship. Increased job satisfaction among employees. Higher client satisfaction: nothing will satisfy the customers more than getting a quick approvals and smooth transactions. Better corporate image: this is will result automatically from an increase in job satisfaction among employees and a higher client satisfaction. Why didnt the implementation of the Siebel CRM solution work out I believe that the implementation of the Siebel CRM solution didnt work out for Citizens National because it was not the best solution that applies or fits into the defined problem; it didnt work out because it was not a result of a thorough selection process that went through precise evaluation for multiple alternatives or solutions. The implementation failed for many factors, I will classify these factors in terms of organization, technology, and people issues Organization: the approach of Citizens National toward nearly all business functions, from tracking customer leads to generating reports about them, was very basic. The Siebel software was simply too rich in features. (Lauden, 2010) From the start, Citizens National had trouble getting the software to fit its rather straightforward, basic customer-lead tracking and reporting needs.With Siebel, we were spending way too much time turning off capabilities that we didnt need, Singleton explains. An example of functionality that didnt fit Citizens Nationals business model was Siebels capability for setting up customer support cases. While some large corporations may want to set up a support case with detailed complaint-tracking and resolution functions, the small bank had no use for it. Service complaints that come in to Citizens National are handled on the spot by its call center. For service inquiries that require a follow-up, such as a customer asking about the reordering of checks, the call-center representative schedules an activity by sending an e-mail to the employee who handles check orders. (Bartholomew, 2007) People: Employees found the software to be too complicated. They were surprised to learn, for example, that the system did not automatically generate potential business opportunities for customers on their records. Furthermore, bankers were not able to view multiple relationships between a customer and the bank on the same screen. The extra navigation was confusing and inefficient. (Lauden, 2010) The relationship bankers were the key employees; the system was intended to be of value to them, and, in turn, provide value to the bank. However, they found no incentive in the Siebel environment because their compensation was based on sales, and sales had become harder to make. Citizens Nationals bankers found the system difficult to navigate. For instance, the banking representatives couldnt understand why an opportunity to make a loan to a particular customer wasnt listed under the customers record. You have to assign that opportunity to that person, explains Doug Furney, president and CEO of The Small Business Solution. If you dont make those relationships when entering the data, the opportunity wont appear under that customers record. Not everyone easily grasped this concept. (Bartholomew, 2007) Furney says the way the screens were laid out in Siebel, Citizens bankers had to flip back and forth between the various screens to identify different relationships that customers had with the bank. Understanding these relationships in the system was very confusing to their bankers, he says. As a result, the banks top sales representatives, who werent eager to change the way they did their work to fit the needs of the software, found Siebels learning curve too steep to negotiate. Citizens Nationals 16 relationship bankers never got over the ease-of-use problems that Siebel presented, Furney says. (Bartholomew, 2007) Technology: Citizens National experienced compatibility issues between the database formats in Siebel and those used by the banks core banking application, developed by Kirchman. As a result, the two systems had difficulty exchanging information properly. The bank was forced to spend a significant amount of time fixing such compatibility issues, which negatively impacted its ability to serve customers. (Lauden, 2010) Citizens National also had to deal with a raft of customization issues, often stemming from the differences between databases. Furney worked to integrate Siebel with Citizens Nationals core banking application. The bank uses banking software from Kirchman, whose vertical systems are used by numerous small and medium-size banks to process and track customers deposits, loans and trust accounts. Trying to get these two systems to talk was a challenge, he says. (Bartholomew, 2007) One basic difference was the way the core banking application set up its customer data fields. The Kirchman system did not have individual fields for both the customers first and last names, choosing instead to include the full name in a single field. By contrast, in Siebel, the customers first and last name each had a data field. Thats the kind of thing we ran into when we tried to marry data from these two different systems, Furney says. This kind of integration takes time, and customers dont realize how much time is required. (Bartholomew, 2007) Was QuickBase a better solution for Citizens National In my perspective, QuickBase was the best alternative solution that meets the requirements of Citizens National Bank for a new IT system that is an easy to use, capable of doing some tracking activities, and store the interactions between relationship bankers and their customers and doesnt interfere with those interactions and diminish the relationship bankers rapport with customers. QuickBase was designed for organizing, tracking, and sharing information among team members in the workplace while encouraging progress by notifying workers via automated e-mails of updated files, new task assignments, and approaching deadlines. Because QuickBase was not programmed as a specific business application, businesses could modify its database structure to meet specific business functions. (Lauden, 2010) One reason some small and medium-size companies, as well as groups within larger ones, are adopting QuickBase is its flexibility. Intended not just for customer management, QuickBase-which is actually more of an easily modified database than a full-fledged business application-can be harnessed for other business tasks. For example, Procter Gamble uses the system to track technology projects. Because its easy to use, runs online via any browser and doesnt require an I.T. professional to set up, the hosted application is finding its way into all kinds of businesses. (Bartholomew, 2007) There are many factors suggest that the bank ended up with the right approach and the right choice of product, some of these factors are: The Citizens National staffs were able to make changes to QuickBase themselves, so the costs of ownership and maintenance fees were much lower. QuickBase offered Citizens National flexibility that it did not have previously. Because the system was Web-based, the relationship bankers were able to use it anywhere that they had access to a browser. Relationship bankers and management received daily updated access to all interactions and transactions, enabling them to track business in a way that was never possible previously. For the first time, Citizens National was able to completely track sales opportunities and, as Singleton said, where we lost business, so we know where we need to make those extra 10 or 15 sales calls. Also central to the success of QuickBase at Citizens National was Furneys ability to integrate the system with the Kirchman core banking application. Furney configured QuickBase to upload new account information to the core system every night via an XML interface. For example, a banking representative can click on a commercial customers file and immediate see all the contacts that have been made with that customer by bank staff, any actions that were taken on the customers behalf, and the end result. Citizens National bank representatives use it to check on customers to see if there has been a follow-up call to a contact, whether a voice-mail message was left with the customer, who the salesperson was and the status of the contact. Its been an invaluable tool for us to keep track of our customers, Singleton adds. (Bartholomew, 2007) A Complete CRM package is Not for Everyone Industry experts cite failure rates for CRM rollouts of up to 70 percent. Thats a disastrously high figure for initiatives that typically cost hundreds of thousandsor even millionsof dollars. For smaller businesses or for departments within large companies, even successful implementation at that cost is out of the question. Anecdotally theres a fairly high failure rate attributed to CRM implementations, says Jocelyn Young, program manager for CRM services for IDC. (Desmond, 2010) Customer relationship management systems have been hailed as a way for companies to find, influence, and retain customers. Packages from companies like Onyx, Pivotal, and Siebel go far beyond simple contact and sales managementthey link sales, marketing, and customer support operations into a single, cohesive chain. But the complexity of CRM systems can turn deployments into expensive, time-consuming mistakes. Many companies need low-cost, easy-to-implement CRM software. Fortunately, affordable packages have finally matured. (Desmond, 2010) Figure CRM Systems All for one, one for all: CRM deployments can be expensive because they touch nearly every part of a business. By driving everything from marketing campaigns to call center operations to inventory management through a single knowledge base, companies are able to fine-tune customer interactions at every point of contact. Source: http://pcworld.about.com Jerry Norman, president of Market Answers, a CRM consultancy in Austin, Texas, says the broad definition of CRM is part of the problem. If you ask 100 people on the street what CRM is, you are going to get 100 answers. The executives know that they need CRM, but they dont know what they are getting. (Desmond, 2010) One way to sidestep the issue, says Norman, is to narrow the focus of the CRM effort. Lower-cost CRM products such as Microsoft BCentral Customer Manager, SalesForce.com, and SalesLogix provide common CRM features like lead generation and management, deal tracking, and customer support management. These packages can be installed on a companys servers or hosted by an application service provider. But while a Siebel deployment can cost several hundred thousand dollars, a package like SalesLogix can be had for less than $50,000 for 20 usersa relative pittance by CRM standards. (Desmond, 2010) So I believe that, organizations that would benefit from using Siebel CRM package are the large corporations which use it to connect multiple departments inside the firm like sales, marketing, and customer support operations which will link them into a single, cohesive chain. Example for such organizations is Verizon Wireless, we will examine in the next section of this case study how Siebel CRM helped Verizon to achieve its business objectives and gets a competitive advantage. This case study is taken from www.Oracle.com Verizon Business Delivers New Sales and Support Tools and Improves System Performance by 35% Verizon Business Basking Ridge, NJ www.verizonbusiness.com Verizon Business, a unit of Verizon Communications, is a global leader in communications and IT solutions. With one of the worlds most connected internet protocol networks, Verizon Business delivers communications, IT, security, and network solutions to many of the largest businesses and governments. Industry: Annual Revenue: Communications US$93.5 billion Employees: 32,000 Our work with Accenture to upgrade our Oracle systems has improved system performance significantly. In a recent survey, 84% of users said performance was faster or much faster. Plus, our sales and support staff have new tools to improve productivity and customer service, which ultimately drives customer retention and revenue. Rob Moore, Director Verizon Business Challenges Empower sales and support staff with new tools to provide end users with a better experience, supporting customer retention, which is vital in todays competitive communications industry React to market demands and growing competition from new and traditional players in the market with more flexible pricing Improve system performance and lower maintenance costs Strengthen reporting and enable what if scenario testing Solution Worked with Accenture to upgrade to Oracles Siebel CRM 8.0 and Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition, taking advantage of evolving technology to support a range of customer-facing communications industry business processes Gained new sales and support tools-for tasks ranging from quoting to contact management-to help 15,000 users better serve 250,000 large and midsize business customers Improved pricing flexibility with new, dynamic pricing features that allow the company to introduce new pricing or customer retention offers on demand, instead of requiring code changes and a separate release, which previously took several months Provided sales and support staff with a new, easy-to-use interface that supports best practices and improves productivity Expanded reporting functionality to drive greater visibility Upgraded hardware and middleware and enabled a service-oriented architecture (SOA) to extend integration across the enterprise and further consolidate systems Lowered support costs and positioned the company for long-term cost savings by reducing customizations Improved system performance by 35% and accelerated processes by up to 12 hours-vital for a system that processes about 120 quotes, 104 contracts, and 340 opportunities daily Improved user satisfaction, with 84% noting faster performance Completed the upgrade within a short, eight-month timeline Could Citizens National have made a better choice? I think everyone would agree with me that Citizens National Bank could have made a better choice from the beginning if its management followed the required rules and procedures of building a new information system. Citizens National Bank could have made a better choice if its CEO Singleton analyzed the size and scope of the needed system and tried to find answers for the following questions: What system will provide us with a genuine business benefits? How can the firm adjust to the changes introduced by the new system solution? What alternative approaches are available for the needed system solution? In the information system world, building a new information system in order to alleviate an existing problem in the business operations requires a deep system analysis. Before a problem can be solved, it first must be properly defined. Members of the organization must agree that a problem actually exists and that it is serious. The problem must be investigated so that it can be better understood. Next comes a period of devising alternative solutions, then one of evaluating each alternative and selecting the best solution. The final stage is one of implementing the solution, in which a detailed design for the solution is specified, translated into a physical system, tested, introduced to the organization, and further refined as it is used over time. (Lauden, 2010) Conclusion Transforming business processes into an automated information system and taking advantage of new opportunities available through the rapid development of information systems and technologies is never an easy task and should not be taken for granted. In order to achieve high results and gain the expected returns from the investment in new information system, organizations should follow the recommended procedures in building a new system from defining the system requirements, determining its scope, to choosing the best available solution that is capable of performing the required tasks without going through a series of complicated screens that lead to the frustration of end-users. The systems analysis lays out the most likely paths to follow given the nature of the problem. Some possible solutions do not require an information system solution but instead call for an adjustment in management, additional training, or refinement of existing organizational procedures. Some, however, do require modifications to the firms existing information systems or an entirely new information system. Sometimes the lack of a thorough system analysis and feasibility study make you get lost in the forest of a complete business application that fits only large corporations and that is exactly what happened to Citizen National Bank in its search for CRM system. While the approach of Citizens National toward nearly all business functions, from tracking customer leads to generating reports about them, was very basic, they chose Siebel CRM system that was simply too rich in features which employees found it to be too complicated. Citizen National Bank could have prevented the demise of five hundred thousand dollars in a learning lesson if they conducted a thorough system evaluation and selection process from the outset in which they would find that the required system was an easy to use system that doesnt exceed a thousand dollar in its implementation cost.

Essay --

Summarize the main conducts of the leaders mentioned in this case, and discuss why they succeed or failed (15 marks). P&G’s reputation is earned by our conduct: what we say, what we do, the products we make, the services we provide and the way we act and treat others. As conscientious citizens and employees, we want to do what is right. For P&G, and our global operations, this is the only way to do business. a. A deep commitment to deliver leadership results. b. Leaders in P & G have a clear vision of where we are going. c. They focus our resources to achieve leadership objectives and strategies. d. They develop the capability to deliver our strategies and eliminate organizational barriers. One element that helps make the program successful: loyalty. While there's no hard and fast rule against hiring outsiders, P&G rarely does so. "We promote from the inside, because that's our primary source of talent," says Lafley. COO Bob McDonald says employees who are promoted internally nearly always thrive, while other companies, he reckons, have a 50% fail rate when they use headhunters. "What we're talking about is a system that's much more reliable," says McDonald. The result of P&G’s focus on innovation has been reliable, sustainable growth. Since the beginning of the decade, P&G sales have more than doubled, from $39 billion to more than $80 billion; the number of billion-dollar brands, those that generate $1 billion or more in sales each year, has grown from 10 to 24; the number of brands with sales between $500 million and $1 billion has more than quadrupled, from four to 18. This growth is being led by energized managers — innovation leaders — who continually learn new ways to grow revenues, improve margins, and avoid commoditizati... ...eciation for Chinese culture to be successful. Growth in this arena was facilitated by Procter & Gamble’s emphasis on attracting and retaining local talent. How to Deal with Crisis: The tumultuous nature of the Chinese economic and political system during this period forced Procter & Gamble to learn how to overcome significant challenges numerous times. The Procter & Gamble leadership recognized that in order to remain viable under such circumstances, they had to face up to the reality of any crisis situation squarely and remain unfazed while focusing primarily on the few very specific issue areas where they could make a sizeable impact. Procter & Gamble’s survival was facilitated by a policy of company-wide resolve to persevere in the face of problems created by the crisis and an emphasis on caring for their employees, particularly their domestic talent. Refrences

Technology and Beckett’s Play, Krapp’s Last Tape Essay -- Krapp’s Last

Technology and Beckett’s Play, Krapp’s Last Tape â€Å"bois seul bouffe brà »le crà ªve seul comme devant les absents sont morts les prà ©sents puent sors tes yeux dà ©tourne-les sur les roseaux se taquinent-ils ou les aà ¯s pas la peine il y a le vent et l’à ©tat de veille†[1][1] -Samuel Beckett, Untitled As an avant-garde writer and a trend starter, Beckett was intensely in touch with his own time and its most significant realities, one of which being technological progress. In his play Krapp’s Last Tape, first performed in 1958, we meet yet another one of his spiritually crippled and disillusioned characters: Krapp, an old recluse. Krapp is alone on the stage, seconded only by a tape player/recorder. As an embodiment of his memory, the machine completes Krapp and provides him with a link to his past, a grounding force which serves to give him a stronger presence. Ultimately, however, Krapp is no better off than analogous characters in Beckett’s work. Whatever crumbs of hope the machine may bring, the core of the human problem is still the human condition, and that itself may not be changed by any form of insight into the past, however clear. â€Å"A late evening in the future.† starts Beckett’s script of Krapp’s Last Tape. One needs not to imagine what this future is like; if this indication is significant at all, its meaning does not exist has a stage direction to be interpreted creatively by the theatrical director. Rather, this indication concerns the whole mood and pace of the play; this is to be the future; that time or state after all that we may have planned or expected has passed. The world which Krapp inhabits is far away from our own; his â€Å"den† might as well be on another p... ...t or indirect manner. In fact, one would be in the right to propound the contrary; that the machine, in Beckett’s opinion, is a distraction from the meaningful aspects of existence, a superficial solution to the real problems of life. Works Cited and Consulted Astro, Alan. Understanding Samuel Beckett. Columbia: University of South Carolina, 1992. Beckett, Samuel. Collected Poems in English and French. New-York: Grover Press, 1977. Beckett, Samuel. Endgame. New-York: Grove Press, 1970. Beckett, Samuel. Krapp’s Last Tape and Embers. London, Faber and Faber,1968. Beckett, Samuel. Beckett: The Complete Short Prose,1929-1989 ed. S.E. Gontarski. New-York: Grove Press, 1995. Durozoi, Gà ©rard. Prà ©sence littà ©raire : Beckett. Paris: Bordas, 1972. Notes 1 Collected Poems in English and French, 45. 2 The Complete Short Prose, xi 3 Durozoi, 101

causes of french revoultionary war Essay -- essays research papers

The causes of the French Revolution, the uprising which brought the regime of King Louis XVI to an end, were manifold. France in 1789 was one of the richest and most powerful nations in Europe; only in Great Britain and the Netherlands did the common people have more freedom and less chance of arbitrary punishment. Nevertheless, the ancien rà ©gime was brought down, partly by its own rigidity in the face of a changing world, partly by the ambitions of a rising bourgeoisie, allied with aggrieved peasants and wage-earners and with individuals of all classes who were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment. As the revolution proceeded and as power devolved from the monarchy to legislative bodies, the conflicting interests of these initially allied groups would become the source of conflict and bloodshed. Absolutism and privilege France in 1789 was, at least in theory, an absolute monarchy, an increasingly unpopular form of government at the time. In practice, the king\\\\\\'s ability to act on his theoretically absolute power was hemmed in by the (equally resented) power and prerogatives of the nobility and the clergy, the remnants of feudalism. Similarly, the peasants covetously eyed the relatively greater prerogatives of the townspeople. The large and growing middle class — and some of the nobility and of the working class — had absorbed the ideology of equality and freedom of the individual, brought about by such philosophers as Voltaire, Denis Diderot, Turgot, and other theorists of the Enlightenment. The example of the American Revolution showed them that it was plausible that Enlightenment ideals about governmental organization might be put into practice. Some of the American revolutionaries, such as Benjamin Franklin, had stayed in Paris, where they were in frequent contact with the French intellectuals; furthermore, contact between the American revolutionaries and the French troops who had assisted them resulted in the spread of revolutionary ideals to the French. Many in France attacked the undemocratic nature of the government, pushed for freedom of speech, and challenged the Catholic Church and the prerogatives of the nobles. There is controversy over exactly how deeply Enlightenment ideals penetrated the various classes, and over the degree to which these ideals were simply cover for bourgeois self-interest. For example, Karl Marx writing in ... ...parlements objected to this as \\\\\\"ministerial tyranny\\\\\\". In response, several nobles including Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orleans suffered banishment, resulting in a further series of conflicting decrees by the king and the parlements. The conflict spilled out of the courts (and beyond the nobility) with disturbances in Dauphinà ©, Brittany, Provence, Flanders, Languedoc, and Bà ©arn. Despite ancien rà ©gime France being, in theory, an absolute monarchy, it became clear that the royal government could not successfully effect the changes it desired without the consent of the nobility. The financial crisis had become a political crisis as well. Famine These problems were all compounded by a great scarcity of food in the 1780s. Different crop failures in the 1780s caused these shortages, which of course led to high prices for bread. Perhaps no cause more motivated the Paris mob that was the engine of the revolution more than the shortage of bread. The poor conditions in the countryside had forced rural residents to move into Paris, and the city was overcrowded and filled with the hungry and disaffected. The peasants suffered doubly from the economic and agricultural problems.

The price elasticity of demand ad supply

IntroductionThe rule of snap aid to understand how the market works. Elasticity varies among merchandises because some productsA may be more indispensable to the consumer. Merchandises that are necessities are more insensitive to monetary value alterations because consumers would go on purchasing these merchandises despite monetary value additions Conversely, a monetary value addition of a good or service that is considered less of a necessity will discourage more consumers because the chance cost of purchasing the merchandise will go excessively high. Sometimes a concern demands to hold a good thought of what portion of a demand curve looks like if it is to do good determinations. Suppose you are the proprietor of Rick ‘s Pizza.You are sing raising the monetary values by 10 per centum, and you wonder how the consumers will respond and what will go on to the grosss? The reply depends on how consumers will react. Will they cut back purchases a small or a batch? ( Robert Schenk, 2007 ) . In my sentiment I think it ‘s really of import to find the monetary value snap of demand. It help us to understand the market more clearly and besides do more exactly and efficient pricing determinations in given clip of period.PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMANDPrice snap of demand measures the consequence of monetary value alterations onA measure demanded. Peoples will purchase more goods at a lower monetary values and purchase less goods at a higher monetary values. For illustration, people might purchase several braces or several bundles of socks on sale alternatively of merely a brace. A individual with a higher income is thought to hold higher monetary value snap, since he can afford to pass more. However, even a consumer with low monetary value snap is normally willing to pay higher monetary values if there is a high demand of goods. . ( Tricia Ellis-Christensen and O. Wallace, 2010 ) . Demand remains changeless in malice of high monetary values in the status of no replacement. It ‘s besides true for gasolene and H2O which have a few or no replacements. demand was therefore considered inelastic. Normally, competition in the market place keeps monetary values lower and more flexible. Generic equivalents of certain points have lowered the demand for trade name name points, therefore take downing their monetary value. . ( Tricia Ellis-Christensen and O. Wallace, 2010 ) .Elasticity of demand can be quantified and be illustrated in a expression:Elasticity of demand The more sensitive clients are to monetary value, the larger in the monetary value snap of demand. In other words, a larger monetary value snap of demand indicates a merchandise whose demand is more elastic. In the short term demand is normally more inelastic because it takes clip to happen options. The monetary value snap of demand will be used to cipher merchandising monetary value that maximizes the net incomes of the company. + Demand is elastic if a alteration in monetary value leads to a bigger % alteration in demand, the monetary value snap of demand will hence be greater than 1. The undermentioned features of goods which are elastic tend to hold They are luxury goods They are expensive and a large per centum of income.For illustration, athleticss autos and vacations Goods with many replacements and a really competitory market. For illustration if Simsbury ‘s put up the monetary value of its staff of life there are many options, so people would be really sensitive to the monetary value They are bought often + Demand is inelastic if a alteration in monetary value leads to a smaller % alteration in demand ; the monetary value snap of demand will hence be less than 1. Goods which are inelastic tend to hold some or all of the undermentioned characteristics: They have few or no close replacements, for illustration: gasoline, coffin nails. They are necessities They are habit-forming They cost a little per centum of income or are bought infrequently Demand is unitary elastic if a alteration in monetary value have no consequence to a alteration in demand ; the monetary value snap of demand will be 1. ( Tricia Ellis-Christensen and O. Wallace, 2010 ) . There are many factor act uponing the monetary value snap of demand: 1. Number of close replacements within the market: The more ( and nearer ) possible replacements available in the market the more elastic demand will be in response to a alteration in monetary value. In this instance, the permutation consequence will be rather strong. 2. Degree of luxuries or necessities: luxury goods and services tend to hold greater snap whereas necessities tend to be more inelastic. 3. Percentage of income spent on a good: merchandises necessitating a larger part of the consumer ‘s income tend to hold greater snap. 4. Habit organizing goods – Goods such as coffin nails and drugs tend to be inelastic in demand. They have habitually consumed and have a small consequence on the monetary value alterations. 5. Time period under consideration – Demand tends to be more elastic in the long tally because consumers have more clip to set their behaviour to the monetary value alterations ( 2007 ) .PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLYPrice snap of supply measures the consequence of monetary value alterations onA measure supplied. Peoples will offer more goods at a higher monetary values and offer more goods at a lower monetary values. The expression for the monetary value snap of supply is: Elasticity of supply = Percentage alteration in measure supplied / Percentage alteration in monetary value ( Mike Moffatt, 2009 ) . Factors that Affect Price Elasticity of Supply: + Spare production capacity If there is plentifulness of trim capacity so a concern should be able to increase its end product without a rise in costs and hence supply will be elastic in response to a alteration in demand. The supply of goods and services is frequently most elastic in a recession, when there is plentifulness of trim labor and capital resources available to step up end product as the economic system recovers. + Stocks of finished merchandises and constituents If stocks of natural stuffs and finished merchandises are at a high degree so a house is able to react to a alteration in demand rapidly by providing these stocks onto the market – supply will be elastic and frailty versa. + The easiness and cost of factor permutation If both capital and labour resources are occupationally nomadic so the snap of supply for a merchandise is higher than if capital and labor can non easy and rapidly be switched + Time period involved in the production procedure Supply is more monetary value elastic the longer the clip period that a house is allowed to set its production degrees ( 2007 ) .MARKETS AND ADJUSTMENT OVER TIMEPrice outlooks and guess:Look at two graphs above, we can see that monetary values ever change, they do non remain at the same. They can travel up or come down. Due to monetary values be given to alter in the hereafter, it will impact on the demand and supply now. For illustration, it is now, iPhone 3GS have merely look, you are believing of purchasing a new iPhone 3GS, you might to make up one's mind to wait until the monetary value of iPhone 3GS autumn somewhat when iPhone 4G is sold on the market. On the other manus, if the monetary value of iPhone 3GS come down in the short tally, you might good purchase it now because they fear that the monetary value will hold gone up by so. When people believe that the monetary value will travel up, it causes them to purchase now, in contrast, when people believe that the monetary valu e will come down, it causes them to wait. For marketer, if they are believing of selling their stocks, while monetary values are falling, they will desire to sell it every bit shortly as possible. On the other manus, if monetary values are lifting bit by bit, they will desire to maintain it every bit long as possible in order to acquire the best monetary value. Thus a belief that the monetary value will travel up or come down will do people to sell or wait. Guess is the behaviour of looking into monetary value in the hereafter and impacting purchasing and merchandising determinations based on their expectancies. Guess is applied in many markets such as the stock exchange, the foreign exchange market, the gold market and the lodging market, ECT. Harmonizing to John Sloman, guess can either support to cut down monetary value fluctuations or do them acquire worse: it can be stabilising or destabilizing.Stabilizing guess:When providers and demanders believe that a alteration in monetary value occurs merely in short tally, guess wil tend to hold a stabilising consequence on monetary value fluctuations. For case, an addition in demand is the ground why monetary value rise. In the graph above, demand has shifted from D1 to D2. Equilibrium has moved from point a to B, monetary value has increased from P1 to P2. Peoples believe that monetary value will lift merely in impermanent, before monetary value autumn once more, providers bring their goods to market now. Therefore displacements from S1 to S2. In contrast, demanders will wait until monetary value does fall once more. Demand displacements from D2 to D3. The equilibrium moves to indicate degree Celsius, and monetary value falling to P3. ( Sloman 2007, p69 )Destabilizing guess:When providers and demanders believe that a alteration in monetary value outlooks similar alterations to come, guess will be given to hold a destabilizing consequence on monetary value fluctuations. For illustration, an addition in demand is the ground why the monetary value does lift. In the graph, demand curve has moved from D1 to D2, monetary value has risen from P1 to P2. In this clip, monetary value have tend to lift, providers want to wait until the monetary value rise further. Therefore, supply moves from S1 to S2. In contrast with providers, demanders buy now before a rise in monetary value is higher. Demand move from D2 to D3 and monetary value rise to P3. ( Sloman 2007, p69 )Market WHERE PRICES ARE CONTROLLEDEquilibrium means a province carnival or a province of balance between market demand and supply. Without a alteration in demand and / or would supply no alteration in market value. In the diagram above, demand and supply at monetary value P1 is equal. At any monetary value above P1, supply exceeds demand and at a monetary value below P1, demand exceeded supply. In other words, the monetary value where supply and demand are out of balance points is called disequilib rium. ( Jacks, John,2007, p57 ) Changes in the conditions of demand or supply alterations on demand or supply curves. This will do alterations in the equilibrium monetary value and measure in the market Price floor is a legal lower limit on the monetary value at which a good can be sold. Price ceiling is a legal upper limit on the monetary value at which a good can be sold.Minimal Price ( Price floor ) :An uneffective monetary value floor, below equilibrium monetary value. A monetary value floor can be set above the free-market equilibrium monetary value. In the graph above, monetary value floor set below the free-market monetary value. In this instance, the floor has no practical consequence. The authorities has mandated a minimal monetary value, but the market already bears a higher monetary value. An effectual monetary value floor, doing a excess ( supply exceeds demand ) . Conversely, in the graph Monday, dashed green line represents a monetary value floor placed on the free market monetary value. In this instance, the floor monetary value is a mensurable impact on the market. It certain monetary values stay high for the merchandise can go on to be made. ( Jackson, John, 2007, p84 )Consequence on the marketA monetary value floor set above the equilibrium monetary value the market has some side effects. Consumers now find they must pay higher monetary values for the same merchandise. The consequence, they cut down their purchases or bead out of the market wholly. Meanwhile, sellers are certain to happen a new higher monetary value before they were charged. As a consequence, they increase production. Taken together, these effects mean there is now an extra supply ( known as a excess ) of the merchandise in the market. To keep the monetary value floor over the long term, the authorities may necessitate to take action to take it.Minimal payA historical and current illustration of the floor monetary value is the minimal pay jurisprudence, the jurisprudence specifies the lowest rewards a company can pay an employee ( employees are providers of labour and company as a consumer ) . When the lower limit pay is set higher than the equilibrium market monetary value for unskilled labour, unemployment is created because many people are looking for occupations than there are occupations available. A minimal pay above the equilibrium pay will do employers hired fewer workers every bit good as doing more people to come in the labour market, ensuing in a excess in the sum of labour available. Workers a pay equilibrium will depend on the employee ‘s accomplishments with market conditions. ( Robert 2006, p262 ) For illustration: This is common in agribusiness. Often the authorities wants to keep high monetary values of agricultural trade goods to maintain a big figure of husbandmans working. To restrict redundancy, nevertheless, authoritiess frequently must pay some husbandmans non to works harvests, which may be known as a subsidy cheque.Maximal Price ( Price ceiling ) :A monetary value ceiling set below the market monetary value of freedom is more effectual. Suppliers find they can non be responsible for what they were. As a consequence, some providers drop out of the market. This decreased supply. Meanwhile, consumers find they can now purchase merchandises for less, so demand additions. Two causes of action exceed the supply demand, which causes a deficiency of distribution-unless the consumer or other controls are enforced. It can besides take to other signifiers of non monetary value competition to provide can run into demand. ( Jackson, John, 2007, p83 ) Reduced Quality To provide demand in lawful rates, the most obvious attack is lower cost. However, in most instances, lower costs mean lower quality. During World War II, for illustration, the nutrient operation by cut downing the size of the ceiling and used cheaper stuffs ( e.g. , fat, flour, etc. ) . It can besides be seen in the care of decrease of rent-controlled flat Some bookmans, nevertheless, suspect that one set monetary value ceilings drive quality down in instance of a monopoly. They argue that with few viing companies lower the ceiling, a company ‘s low-end market must happen ways to accomplish better quality without increasing cost.Black MarketGoods purchased illicitly take one of two rates: They may be cheaper than the legal market. Suppliers do non hold to pay for production costs or revenue enhancements. This is normally the instance in the belowground economic system. Criminals to steal goods and sell them under the legal market monetary value, but no grosss, warrants, and so on. They may be more expensive than legal market monetary values. This merchandise is hard to obtain or bring forth, unsafe to manage or non easy available lawfully, if at all. If goods are illegal, such as certain drugs, their monetary values can be immensely higher production costs. Black markets can organize portion of the commercial boundary line near the boundary line of neighbouring legal powers surround control with small or negligible if there are different revenue enhancement rates, or in instances where goods are steps on one side of the boundary line but non on others. Merchandises like these are frequently smuggled, including intoxicant and baccy. However, all boundary line trade is non illegal. ( Jackson, John, 2007, p84 )CAUSE THE REAL ESTATE MARKET OF VIET NAMAs we know, each state ‘s population is increasing. In Viet Nam, the one-year population addition of about 1,1 million people. While land resources are limited. Therefore, the demand of existent estate market is increasing and people need to happen a comfy adjustment, modern substructure and peaceable life environment. This is chief ground to consequence of existent estate Market in Viet Nam. Typical is the cardinal issue of existent estate market in Ho Chi Minh metropolis and we are trav eling to happen out the grounds. Price Expectation and Destabilizing guess The grounds stated on the description of the existent estate should be investors expect the monetary value is ever increasing in the hereafter so they want to wait the best monetary value and best net income. This is the ground to do of the febrility in existent estate from 2007 to 2009.What cause â€Å" Fever †There are three basic cause taking febrility in existent estate market. First, Viet Nam ‘s population increased about 1,1 million people and income of about people to high accelerated and to do demand of house to increase. Second, at the stock market. Stock monetary value Index after day of the month of 6 August 2007 was 883,9 point and to lift well over 1,100 point on 3 October 2007 so investors has boosted gross revenues and many investing financess have been net income for over a month. Then they were intended to travel capital investing into existent estate market. Last of all, lodging policies for abroad Vietnamese and aliens were committed more unfastened and about of Bankss create were chance of borrows in existent estate for investing. ( vnEconomy 2007 ) As a consequence, there were strong guesss for investing or provider in existent estate since 2007. â€Å" The fact that, land and house in urban countries like The Manor and Phu My Hung are lifting â€Å" febrility † and â€Å" combustion in † . Owner or investors, who still need a great bought. The individual who populating The Manor said, types of flats from 106-206 M2, invitees were wanted. This type of apartment sale monetary value had increased by 50 % -60 % up from 1000 USD/m2 to 1,650 USD/m2 † ( VnEconomy 2007 ) With the fact merely mentioned, the existent estate is ever unstable and tends to travel up strong demand and provide support to each other. Covering with uncertainly and hazard Because about of Banks have easy loans in existent estate from 2007 to 2008. Therefore, it made the State Bank of Viet Nam has issued directives 10259/ NHNN- CSTT to limited rising prices on the existent estate market and recognition loaners and get downing execution since 2008 ( sbv.gov. neodymium ) Furthermore, entire capital investing Bankss in existent estate in 2009, was about 166,500 billion VND to about 9, 10 billion USD ( 18,279 VND exchange rate/ USD ) Ho Chi Minh metropolis has approximately 51 % the belongings outstanding and Ha Noi capital has approximately 15 % .That is the grounds the authorities made the determination to cover with uncertainness and hazard when the existent estate is in the febrility period ( Doanh nhan 360, 2009 ) In we view of existent estate market is immense net income and market chance for participle investors. So it has created a moving ridge of guess and monetary value outlook of speculator. Besides that, the factors of population growing. There are easiness for Bankss ‘ loan in existent estate market and lodging policy for abroad Vietnamese and aliens have formed a new market supply and demand monetary value in the belongings market in Viet Nam today.DecisionElasticity refers to the reaction or response of the consumers to alter in monetary values of goods and services. Elasticity of demand besides may depend on the comparative alteration in measure and monetary value. Buyers may be given to cut down their purchases as monetary value additions, and tend to increase their purchases when monetary value lessenings. The alteration in monetary value is non the lone factor that may alter the reaction of consumers. The nature of the merchandise ( similarity to what he uses ) and the pecu liar demands of the consumer ( whether of import or non ) may besides impact the alteration in the reaction or response of consumer. Demand may be elastic or inelastic. Demand is likely to be elastic when: privation is non pressing, close replacements are available, goods is lasting or repairable, goods has multiple utilizations. On the other manus, demand is likely to be inelastic when: privation is pressing, good replacements are unavailable, wanted jointly with some complementary point. ( Anna C. Bocar, 2008 ) The monetary value snap of supply reflects the jurisprudence of supply relation between monetary value and measure. An elastic supply means that the measure supplied is comparatively antiphonal to alterations in monetary value. An inelastic supply means that the measure supplied is non really antiphonal to alterations in monetary value. Harmonizing to the jurisprudence of supply, higher supply monetary values are related to larger measures supplied. As such, the numerator and denominator of this expression ever have the same marks — if one is positive, the other is besides positive. If the supply monetary value additions and the per centum alteration in monetary value is positive, so the measure supplied additions and the per centum alteration in measure supplied is besides positive. When calculated, the monetary value snap of supply, hence, is ever positive. There are four chief factors that influence the Foot: Spare production capacity, Stocks of finished merchandises and constituents, The easiness and cost of factor permutation, Time period involved in the production procedure. ( Pepijn van Eck, 2009 )